Female and male cones are borne on separate trees. The trees are shaped like a pyramid or column with grayish to reddish-brown bark. The foliage may turn brown-green in winter. Eastern Redcedar. Eastern red cedar cant are used here in the USA and exported overseas. They are small, oval, and have a glandular depression on the back. This species is native to the Chicago region according to Swink and Wilhelm's Plants of the Chicago Region, with updates made according to current research. Our trees. Go to list of cultivars. The foliage is blue-green to green and needlelike. However, once redcedar is established it expands quickly, converting rangelands into redcedar woodlands and has major impacts on society and the environment including: Reduces forage for livestock and wildlife by 75% It is unusually long lived among pioneer species, with the potential to live over 900 years. [12] Trees are destructive to grasslands if left unchecked, and are actively being eliminated by cutting and prescribed burning. Blue Mountain Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Blue Mountain'): Spreading evergreen shrub, 3 to 4 feet high and 5 to 8 feet wide. [18], Cedar waxwings are fond of the "berries" of these junipers. Use as a specimen, in groups, or as an informal hedge. The Eastern Red Cedar is much shorter overall than the Western Red Cedar, typically being between 16 to 66 feet tall (5 to 20 m) with a trunk between 12 to 39 inches (30 to 100 cm) in diameter. The Eastern Red Cedar is also sometimes called the Eastern Juniper, Red Juniper or the Pencil Cedar. The juvenile leaves are found on young plants up to 3 years old, and as scattered shoots on adult trees, usually in shade. Eastern Red Cedar Trees have a naturally sweet woodsy scent that repels pests. Bird lovers will want to have their camera and binoculars out, because, in the winter, small blue berries appear, attracting birds in droves. J. virginiana forests have higher overall nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), despite the common grassland species Andropogon gerardi having a far higher NUE during photosynthesis (PNUE). Tolerant of both drought and cold, they grow well in rocky, sandy, and clayey soils. Cedar boughs were used for bedding. Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, Black walnut toxicity (plants tolerant of), Preventing construction damage to trees and shrubs, Trees and shrubs for the four seasons landscape, Sudden Oak Death, Ramorum Blight and Phytophthora ramorum, Eastern United States Wetlands Collection. [13] The trees also burn very readily, and dense populations were blamed for the rapid spread of wildfires in drought stricken Oklahoma and Texas in 2005 and 2006. Canaert Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Canaertii'): Pyramidal tree, 20 to 35 feet high and 15 to 20 feet wide. Most cedar glades occur on steep, dry sandstone, quartzite, rhyolite, or dolomite bluffs. J. virginiana sheds pollen as early as late winter and through early spring. "Altered Ecosystem Nitrogen Dynamics as a Consequence of Land Cover Change in Tallgrass Prairie." This plant is a cultivar of a species that is native to the Chicago Region according to Swink and Wilhelm's Plants of the Chicago Region, with updates made according to current research. One iteration of the such a circle, Woodhenge III, which is thought to have been constructed circa 1000 BC, had 48 posts in the circle of 410 feet (120 m) in diameter and a 49th pole in the center. Eastern red-cedar, red cedar, Eastern redcedar, upright juniper, Eastern red cedar juniper. Eastern red cedar is usually a tree, but there are shrub-sized cultivars available. The Red Cedar is not really a Cedar but is actually a juniper. McKinley, Duncan C., and John M. Blair. [10], The fragrant, finely grained, soft, brittle, very light, pinkish to brownish red heartwood is very durable, even in contact with soil. Best in full sun with well-drained soil. Eastern red cedar is a tree. Hillspire Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Cupressifolia'):  Pyramidal form; grows to 15 feet tall; foliage more cypress-like; female form. It is commonly found in prairies or oak barrens, old pastures, or limestone hills, often along highways and near recent construction sites. Low branches near the ground burn and provide a ladder that allows fire to engulf the whole tree. Use as a specimen, in groups, or for informal screening. Juniperus virginiana is a dense slow-growing coniferous evergreen tree that may never become more than a bush on poor soil, but is ordinarily from 5–20 m or 16–66 ft tall, with a short trunk 30–100 cm or 12–39 inches in diameter (rarely to 27 m or 89 ft in height, and 170 cm or 67 inches in diameter). Uses for cedar are practically endless. However, the rapid spread of cedar is an increasingly serious ecological and economic issue with substantial impacts statewide. Explore this online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees. The trees are usually dioecious, with pollen and seed cones on separate trees,[5][6][7] yet some are monoecious. Cultivars are plants produced in cultivation by selective breeding or via vegetative propagation from wild plants identified to have desirable traits.". Eastern red cedar, sometimes called pencil-cedar, is the most widespread juniper in the eastern United States. Juniperus virginiana, or Eastern redcedar, is a juniper rather than a true cedar.As Kansas' only native evergreen tree, it grows throughout the state. They are 1/16" in length and lay opposite or in whorls of 3. [23], The berries are used to flavor gin. [19][20] The fruits also yield an essential oil which contains mostly D-Limonene. Some cultivars keep their color all winter. Eastern Red-Cedar Trees as an Invasive Species in the Green Glacier. The feathery bluish foliage broadens the palette for screens or as a specimen. With the intent that they’ll mature into a privacy block. Cedar rusts (cedar-apple, cedar-hawthorn and cedar-quince) and bagworm are common. Flutes made from red cedar wood were highly regarded by the Cheyenne. The wood is soft with a fine, even texture. The tree major components alpha-Cedrene, Thujopsene and Cedrol are more than 60% of the essential oil. Male plants produce small, inconspicuous cones that produce pollen. Soft, easy to work but … Eastern red-cedar is native to North America. [16] However, studies have found that Juniperus virginiana forests that replace grasslands have a statistically insignificant decrease[17] to a significant increase[18] in levels of soil nitrogen. the red cedar has been officially listed as a reagent in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia since 1916 (ibid.). The red cedar cants are mostly bark-free and rot-free. Burk Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Burkii'):  Pyramidal cultivar, 20 to 25 feet high; Good blue color with purple tones in winter; male (no fruit). Juniperus virginiana, known as red cedar, eastern redcedar,[2][3] Virginian juniper,[4] eastern juniper, red juniper, pencil cedar, and aromatic cedar, is a species of juniper native to eastern North America from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and east of the Great Plains. The seed cones are 3–7 mm (1⁄8–1⁄4 in) long, berry-like, dark purple-blue with a white wax cover giving an overall sky-blue color (though the wax often rubs off); they contain one to three (rarely up to four) seeds, and are mature in 6–8 months from pollination. The Morton Arboretum is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that relies on the generosity of members and donors. The Eastern Red Cedar's thick foliage creates a shelter for wildlife during unpleasant weather conditions. Eastern Red Cedar is valued for its thick deep green foliage that makes them an ideal choice for use as a privacy screen and shelter for small wildlife. This plant has some cultivated varieties. Juniperus virginiana, known as red cedar, eastern redcedar, Virginian juniper, eastern juniper, red juniper, pencil cedar, and aromatic cedar, is a species of juniper native to eastern North America from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and east of the Great Plains. Have tree and plant questions? 2008): 454-468. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. The new foliage on an Eastern Red Cedar appears needle like with an attractive dark blue-green color. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. Burkii Eastern Red Cedar. Curtis (1959) described the eastern red-cedar thicket (cedar glade) community as a type of savanna. Taylor Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Taylor'):  Narrow, columnar form; grows 15 to 2o feet high and 3 to 4 feet wide; silvery, blue-green foliage. The eastern redcedar is an ancient tree, dating to aboriginal America, where fossil evidence indicates it covered large portions of the continent. It takes about 12 minutes for their seeds to pass through the birds' guts, and seeds that have been consumed by this bird have levels of germination roughly three times higher than those of seeds the birds did not eat. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Their rapid spread on rangelands is known as the "Green Glacier" by some academics. The leaves are of two types; sharp, spreading needle-like juvenile leaves 5–10 mm (3⁄16–3⁄8 in) long, and tightly adpressed scale-like adult leaves 2–4 mm (1⁄16–3⁄16 in) long; they are arranged in opposite decussate pairs or occasionally whorls of three. With the urbanization of prairies, the fires have been stopped with roads, plowed fields, and other fire breaks, allowing J. virginiana and other trees to invade. red cedar juniper. Contact with the leaves or wood can produce a mild skin rash in some individuals. use escape to move to top level menu parent. Young leaves are awl-shaped, thin, prickly, needle-like, and 1/4" long. Leaves, usually at the end of twigs, are minute, either scalelike or needlelike, olive green to yellowish green, turning bronze after the first frost and staying somewhat reddish through winter. Dark green foliage tufted at ends of branches; open crown, attractive bluish-white clusters of fruit; reddish-brown bark exfoliating into long strips. Get expert help from The Morton Arboretum Plant Clinic. [citation needed]. C-Value: 2 Most cants are 5’1″, 6’3″, 7′ … Prickly, silvery-blue foliage (needle-like and/or scale-like). Grey Owl Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Grey Owl'): A low growing, spreading shrub reaching  3 to 4 feet high and 6 to 8 feet wide. Because of its resistance to decay, fence posts are fashioned from the wood. Many grasses are C4 plants that concentrate CO2 levels in their bundle sheaths to increase the efficiency of RuBisCO, the enzyme responsible for photosynthesis, while junipers are C3 plants that rely on (and may benefit from) the natural CO2 concentrations of the environment, although they are less efficient at fixing CO2 in general. [26], A number of cultivars have been selected for horticulture, including 'Canaertii' (narrow conical; female) 'Corcorcor' (with a dense, erect crown; female), 'Goldspire' (narrow conical with yellow foliage), and 'Kobold' (dwarf). Within a submenu, use escape to move to top level menu parent. Norris, Mark D., John M. Blair, and Loretta C. Johnson. The eastern redcedar is an ancient tree, dating to aboriginal America, where fossil evidence indicates it covered large portions of the continent. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42257A2967510.en, "Virginia's Timber Industry — An Assessment of Timber Product Output and Use, 2007". Prune in early spring. The mats were Cultivars are plants produced in cultivation by selective breeding or via vegetative propagation from wild plants identified to have desirable traits.\"Blue Eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana 'Glauca'): Narrow, upright, columnar evergreen tree, 20 to 25 feet high and 8 to 10 feet wide.

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